Continuous Infusion of Ketamine and Lidocaine Either with or without Maropitant as an Adjuvant Agent for Analgesia in Female Dogs Undergoing Mastectomy
Table 1
Variables (means ± SD) of the physiological parameters recorded during the study.
Variables
Groups
Intraoperative time points
M0
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
BT (°C)
GLK
38.7 ± 0.8
36.6 ± 0.8
36 ± 0.7
35.7 ± 0.7
35 ± 1.4
35 ± 0.8
34.9 ± 0.8
GLKM
38.4 ± 1.2
36.8 ± 0.7
36.1 ± 0.9
36 ± 0.8
35.6 ± 1
35 ± 1.1
34.9 ± 1.2
SpO2 (%)
GLK
84.4 ± 12.3
97.6 ± 2.6
98.5 ± 1
98 ± 3.2
98.7 ± 1.5
98.7 ± 1.9
98.8 ± 2
GLKM
88.2 ± 8.9
97.9 ± 2.2
98.7 ± 1.3
98.4 ± 1.6
98.4 ± 1.6
98.5 ± 1.2
98.8 ± 1.2
EtCO2 (mmHg)
GLK
32.6 ± 6.4
35.4 ± 6.5
33.8 ± 5.3
34.9 ± 8.4
35.6 ± 6.9
35.8 ± 7
36 ± 6.6
GLKM
26.4 ± 11.2
35.2 ± 8.6
31.5 ± 6.8
33.7 ± 8.5
35 ± 7.7
32.6 ± 7.5
33.8 ± 8.3
Etiso (V%)
GLK
0
1.3 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.1
1.3 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.1
GLKM
0
1.2 ± 0.2
1.4 ± 0.3
1.4 ± 0.2
1.3 ± 0.1
1.3 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.2
HR (bpm/min)
GLK
121.6 ± 20.7
102.1 ± 23.5
111 ± 24
109 ± 28.1
106.3 ± 25.2
105.6 ± 25.8
107.9 ± 21.4
GLKM
123.2 ± 25.2
112.3 ± 24.6
106.7 ± 24.3
107.8 ± 24
114.3 ± 26.1
105.7 ± 23.9
107.6 ± 22.2
SBP (mmHg)
GLK
122 ± 38
88.9 ± 28
105.3 ± 36.6
106.7 ± 34
107.6 ± 30.6
113.8 ± 39.1
112.4 ± 34
GLKM
124.1 ± 55.6
83.3 ± 24
98.3 ± 26.2
93.7 ± 37.2
97.9 ± 23.9
90.5 ± 27.9
97.1 ± 10.6
MBP (mmHg)
GLK
94.4 ± 30.7
62.8 ± 21.2
66.5 ± 18.8
77 ± 19.1
81.6 ± 19.9
88.8 ± 27.8
85.6 ± 30.5
GLKM
91 ± 44.4
63.7 ± 16.2
76.8 ± 27.3
71.8 ± 13.7
69.6 ± 8.8
71.4 ± 19.7
71.3 ± 7.3
DBP (mmHg)
GLK
89 ± 81.4
52.8 ± 21.9
54.2 ± 18.6
64 ± 18.5
65.4 ± 19.8
75.4 ± 32
79.6 ± 28.3
GLKM
88.2 ± 47
51.3 ± 17.1
66.4 ± 26.8
61.6 ± 12
57.6 ± 8.7
65.8 ± 28.4
64 ± 14.2
GLK: lidocaine and ketamine group; GLKM: lidocaine, ketamine, and maropitant group; BT: body temperature; SpO2: oxyhemoglobin saturation; EtCO2: concentration of carbon dioxide in exhaled air; Etiso: isoflurane concentration at the end of expiration; HR: heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. M0: before any anesthetic procedure; M1: before the start of the surgical procedure; M2: after subcutaneous incision. M3: breast chain removal; M4: approach of the subcutaneous; M5: skin suture; M6: end of surgery. P > 0.05.
