A Survey of Bluetongue Infection and Associated Risk Factors among the One-Humped Camel (Camelus dromedaries) in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan

Table 1

Multivariate analysis for the association between potential risk factors and BTV seropositivity among camels in Gadarif state, eastern Sudan, using chi-square test.

Factor	Animals tested	Animals affected (%)	value	Odds ratio	95% CI
					Lower-upper
Locality
Gadarif	46	43 (93.5)	Ref	—	—
Central Gadarif	19	18 (94.7)	0.848	1.256	0.122–12.896
Gor Aisha	46	46 (100)	0.998	—	—
Fashaga	32	31 (96.9)	0.513	2.163	0.215–21.785
Butana	41	41 (100)	0.998	—	—
Al-Rahad	92	88 (95.7)	0.586	1.535	0.329–7.165
Sex
Female	213	206 (96.7)	Ref	—	—
Male	63	61 (96.8)	0.965	1.036	0.210–5.119
Age (years)
0-1	19	19 (100)	0.998	—	—
1-2	33	32 (97.0)	0.406	2.667	0.264–26.938
2-3	17	17 (100)	0.998	—	—
3-4	21	20 (95.2)	0.667	1.667	0.162–17.100
4-5	39	36 (92.3)	Ref	—	—
>5	147	143 (97.3)	0.165	2.979	0.638–13.909
Breed
Bushari	43	40 (93.0)	Ref	—	—
Arabi	124	121 (97.6)	0.186	3.025	0.587–15.590
Anafi	91	89 (97.8)	0.196	3.337	0.537–20.757
Rashide	18	17 (94.4)	0.838	1.275	0.124–13.147
Ecology
Desert	41	41 (100)	0.998	—	—
Arid	97	92 (94.8)	Ref	—	—
Savanna	46	46 (100)	0.998	—	—
Rich savanna	92	88 (95.7)	0.795	1.196	0.311–4.598