Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in Southern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Table 1

Proportion of associative risk factors and level of significance.

Variables	Category	CMT result		Total positives (%)	Significance level ()
		Negative	Positive		X^2 value	DF	value
Districts	Raya Alamata	33 (56.9%)	25 (43.1%)	39.7
	Endamehoni	10 (41.7%)	14 (58.3%)	16.4
	Emba Alaje	12 (46.2%)	14 (53.8%)	17.8
	Raya Azebo	17 (63%)	10 (37%)	18.5	6.518^a	4	0.164
	Ofla	9 (81.8%)	2 (18.2%)	7.5
	Total prevalence	81 (55.5%)	65 (44.5%)	44.5
Agroecology	Lowland	33 (56.9%)	25 (43.1%)	39.7
	Highland	31 (50.8%)	30 (49.2%)	41.8	1.196^a	2	0.550
	Mid highland	17 (63%)	10 (37%)	18.5
Season of lactation	Autumn	17 (58.6%)	12 (41.1%)	19.9
	Winter	38 (69.1%)	17 (30.9%)	37.7	8.846^a	2	0.012
	Summer	26 (41.9%)	36 (58.1%)	42.5
History of herd mastitis	Yes	31 (44.9	38 (55.1)	47.3	5.898^a	1	0.015
	No	50 (64.9)	27 (35.1)	52.7
Breed examined	Local	28 (59.6%)	19 (40.4%)	32.2	0.471^a		0.493
	Cross	53 (53.5%)	46 (46.5%)	67.8		1
Production system	Intensive	51 (56%)	40 (44%)	63.2
	Extensive	23 (62.2%)	14 (37.8%)	25.3	2.687^a	2	0.261
	Semi-intensive	7 (38.9%)	11 (61.1%)	12.3
Floor type	Dust		40 (50.6%) 39 (49.4%)	54.1	1.637^a	1	0.243
	Concrete	41 (61.2%)	26 (38.8)	45.9
Washing during milking	Before and after	23 (74.2%)	8 (25.8%)	21.2	5.580^a	1	0.018
	Before milking only	58 (50.4%)	57 (49.6%)	78.8
Towel usage parity	Yes	22 (61.1%)	14 (38.9%)	24.7	0.614^a	1	0.433
	No	59 (53.6%)	51 (46.4%)	75.3
	Heifers (≤2)	41 (54.7%)	34 (45.3%)	52.3
	Middle (3–5)	34 (54.8%)	28 (45.2%)	43.1	0.486^a	2	0.784
	Multiparous (≥6)	6 (66.7%)	3 (33.3%)	4.6
Age of animals	Heifers	25 (54.3%)	21 (45.7%)	31.5
	Middle age	39 (60%)	26 (40%)	44.5	1.238^a	2	0.539
	Old age	17 (48.6%)	18 (51.4%)	24
Lactation stage	Early (≤3 months)	30 (61.2%)	19 (38.8%)	33.6
	Middle (4–6)	32 (62.7%)	19 (37.3%)	34.9	5.487^a	2	0.064
	Late (≥7)	19 (41.3%)	27 (58.7%)	31.5