Research Article
Study on Factors Affecting Estrus Synchronization in Smallholder Dairy Farming Systems of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Table 3
Farmers’ practices regarding the farm management system in the study districts.
| | Variables | Wukro, N (%) | Agula, N (%) | Mekelle, N (%) | Total, N (%) | Chi-square (X2) | value |
| | Breed | Indigenous/local | 3 (6.5) | 2 (3.8) | 20 (36.4) | 25 (16.2) | 51.16 | ≤0.0001 | | Exotic | 10 (21.7) | 30 (56.6) | 28 (50.9) | 68 (44.2) | | Crossbred | 33 (71.7) | 21 (39.6) | 7 (12.7) | 61 (39.6) | | Breeding practice | Natural mating | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.9) | 5.83 | 0.054 | | AI | 46 (100.0) | 50 (94.3) | 55 (100.0) | 151 (98.1) | | Management system | Intensive | 39 (84.8)) | 48 (90.6) | 26 (47.3) | 113 (73.4) | 37.51 | ≤0.0001 | | Semi-intensive | 7 (15.2) | 5 (9.4) | 16 (29.1) | 28 (18.2) | | Extensive | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (23.6) | 13 (8.4) | | Feed type | Roughage | 4 (8.7) | 11 (20.8) | 13 (23.6) | 28 (18.2) | 54.74 | ≤0.0001 | | Concentrate | 1 (2.2) | 24 (45.3) | 1 (1.8) | 26 (16.9) | | Both type | 41 (89.1) | 18 (33.9) | 41 (74.5) | 100 (64.9) | | Feeding frequency | Two times per day | 45 (97.8) | 8 (15.1) | 35 (63.6) | 88 (57.1) | 70.30 | ≤0.0001 | | Three times per day | 1 (2.2) | 45 (84.9) | 20 (36.4) | 66 (42.9) | | Ad-libitum | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | | Watering frequency | Two times per day | 46 (100.0) | 31 (58.5) | 44 (80.0) | 121 (78.5) | 27.39 | ≤0.0001 | | Three times per day | 0 (0.0) | 19 (35.9) | 11 (20.0) | 30 (19.5) | | Ad-libitum | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.9) |
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