Research Article
Antimicrobial Usage in Smallholder Poultry Production in Nigeria
Table 3
Features of the poultry production and management system.
| | Characteristics | Location | Statistics | | Kebbi n = 70 | Nasarawa n = 70 | Rivers n = 70 | Kwara n = 70 | Imo n = 70 | Total N = 350 | χ 2 (df) | value |
| | Farming experience (years) | | | | | | | | | | 1–5 | 19 (32.2) | 4 (6.8) | 3 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (55.9) | 59 | 120.47 (12) | ≤ 0.001 | | 6–10 | 36 (27.7) | 24 (18.5) | 34 (26.2) | 14 (10.8) | 22 (16.9) | 130 | | | 11–20 | 11 (10.8) | 24 (23.5) | 24 (23.5) | 35 (34.3) | 8 (7.8) | 102 | | | >20 | 4 (6.8) | 18 (30.5) | 9 (15.3) | 21 (35.6) | 7 (11.9) | 59) | |
| | General training on poultry husbandry and rearing | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 3 (7.7) | 15 (38.5) | 3 (7.7) | 4 (10.3) | 14 (35.9) | 39 | 21.76 (4) | ≤ 0.001 | | No | 67 (21.5) | 55 (17.7) | 67 (21.5) | 66 (21.2) | 56 (18.0) | 311 | |
| | Specific training on animal diseases and health management | | | | | | | | | | Yes | 3 (18.8) | 1 (6.2) | 3 (18.8) | 1 (6.2) | 8 (50.0) | 16 | 10.7 (4) | 0.03∗ | | No | 67 (20.1) | 69 (20.7) | 67 (20.1) | 69 (20.7) | 62 (18.6) | 334 |
| | Type of chickens kept in addition to local chickens | | | | | | | | | | Exotic | 0 (0.0) | 33 (23.9) | 59 (42.8) | 12 (8.7) | 34 (24.6) | 138 | 123.3 (4) | ≤ 0.001 | | Improved | 70 (52.2) | 32 (23.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (3.0) | 28 (20.9) | 134 | | None | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.4) | 11 (14.1) | 54 (69.2) | 8 (10.3) | 78 |
| | Management system | | | | | | | | | | Scavenging | 29 (60.4) | 0 (0.0) | 15 (31.2) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (6.2) | 48 | 154.54 (8) | ≤ 0.001 | | Semi-scavenging | 35(20.3) | 46(26.7) | 13 (7.6) | 58(33.7) | 20(11.6) | 172 | | Semi-intensive | 6(4.6) | 24(18.5) | 42(32.3) | 11(8.5) | 47(36.2) | 130 |
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< 0.05, values in parenthesis are percentages (%). |
