Antimicrobial Usage in Smallholder Poultry Production in Nigeria

Table 6

Distribution of independent variables predicting antimicrobial usage in smallholder poultry production.

Dependent variable: The use of antibiotics	β	SE	Wald statistics	Df	value	OR	C.I. (OR)
							Lower	Upper
Constant	1.115	0.993	1.261	1	0.261	3.048
Location	−0.673	0.129	27.078	1	0.000^∗	0.510	0.396	0.657
Gender	−0.389	0.343	1.291	1	0.256	0.678	0.346	1.326
Education	1.117	0.191	34.246	1	0.000^∗	3.055	2.102	4.440
Age	−0.300	0.151	3.952	1	0.047^∗	0.741	0.551	0.996
Family income	0.687	0.301	5.207	1	0.023^∗	1.987	1.102	3.585
Years of keeping chickens	−0.150	0.167	0.802	1	0.371	0.861	0.621	1.195
Breed type	−0.922	0.391	5.567	1	0.018^∗	0.398	0.185	0.855
Management system	0.676	0.287	5.532	1	0.019^∗	1.965	1.119	3.452

< 0.05, β: beta coefficient, SE: standard error, Df: degree of freedom, OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval (95%).