The Benefits of Adding Sulfur and Urea to a Concentrate Mixture on the Utilization of Feed, Rumen Fermentation, and Milk Production in Dairy Cows Supplemental Fresh Cassava Root
Table 2
Effect of sulfur and urea levels on feed intake and nutrient digestibility in dairy cows.
Items
Sulfur-1
Sulfur-2
SEM
value
Urea-1
Urea-2
Urea-1
Urea-2
Sulfur
Urea
Sulfur urea
RS intake
kg DM/d
3.75
3.85
3.82
3.87
0.035
0.488
0.305
0.727
% BW
0.83
0.85
0.85
0.86
0.007
0.412
0.222
0.683
g/kg BW0.75
38.25
39.28
39.02
39.54
0.277
0.372
0.186
0.655
Concentrate intake
kg DM/d
5.62
5.62
5.62
5.62
0.130
1.000
1.000
1.000
% BW
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.24
0.024
0.979
0.996
0.985
g/kg BW0.75
57.34
57.32
57.36
57.40
1.139
0.982
0.997
0.989
Fresh cassava root intake, kg DM/d
6.82
6.82
6.82
6.82
0.062
1.000
1.000
1.000
HCN intake, mg/d
713.89
713.89
713.89
713.89
6.537
1.000
1.000
1.000
Urea intake, g/d
56.25
56.25
112.50
112.50
1.960
<.0001
1.000
1.000
Sulfur intake
g/d
56.25
56.25
112.50
112.50
1.960
<.0001
1.000
1.000
Total DM intake
kg DM/d
16.20
16.30
16.27
16.32
0.197
0.901
0.852
0.950
% BW
3.58
3.60
3.60
3.61
0.026
0.811
0.746
0.931
g/kg BW0.75
165.21
166.22
166.00
166.56
1.283
0.829
0.765
0.932
Digestibility
DM, g/kg
652.3a
662.1a
685.1b
686.3b
1.02
0.013
0.078
0.064
OM, g/kg DM
698.4a
700.5a
712.4b
715.6b
1.12
0.034
0.094
0.087
CP, g/kg DM
616.5a
621.7b
613.7a
631.3b
0.160
0.309
0.004
0.076
NDF, g/kg DM
594.2
596.1
598.0
596.4
2.40
0.094
0.085
0.095
ADF, g/kg DM
385.4
392.5
394.5
387.6
1.58
0.092
0.124
0.093
Sulfur-1 and sulfur-2 = sulfur addition into concentrates at 10 g/kg DM and 20 g/kg DM. Urea-1 and urea-2 = urea addition into concentrates at 10 g/kg DM and 20 g/kg DM; SEM = standard error of mean; BW = body weight; BW0.75 = metabolic body weight; DM = dry matter; OM = organic matter; CP = crude protein; NDF = neutral detergent fiber; ADF = acid detergent fiber; sulfur urea = interaction effect between sulfur and urea; a, bmeans in the same row with different superscript letters are accepted as significantly different ().
