Repeat Breeding and Its’ Associated Risk Factors in Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Table 3

Prevalence of repeat breeding across with production system, feeding management, heat detection, time of AI, and predisposing reproductive problems) in crossbred dairy cattle.

Risk factors	Retrospective study
	Group	Cows/heifers examined (no)	Prevalence no. (%)	X^2 (-value)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	-value
Production system	Extensive	73	51(69.9)	63.4 (<0.01)	9.4 (5.1–17.4)	<0.01
	Semi-intensive	239	106 (44.4)		2.9 (1.7–5.1)
	Intensive	198	39 (20.2)		Reference
Management condition	Poor	87	63 (72.4)	93.2 (<0.01)	13.4 (7.4–24.4)	<0.05
	Medium	215	100 (46.5)		4.5 (2.8–7.0)
	Good	208	33 (15.9)		Reference
Heat detection	≤20 min/detection time	90	77 (85.6)	102.6 (<0.01)	13.4 (7.3–24.6)	<0.01
	≥20 min/detection time	420	119 (28.3)		Reference
Time of AI	Correct	396	104 (26.3)	162.9 (<0.01)	Reference	<0.01
	Incorrect	114	92 (80.7)		42.5 (15.2–119.9)
Predisposing reproductive problems
Abortion	Yes	70	43 (61.4)	17.8 (<0.01)	2.97 (1.8–5.0)	<0.01
	No	440	154 (35.0)		Reference
Dystocia	Yes	62	31 (50.0)	3.8 (<0.05)	2.01 (1.2–3.6)	<0.01
	No	448	166 (37.1)		References
RFM	Yes	149	72 (48.3)	8.3 (<0.01)	1.5 (1–2.2)	<0.05
	No	361	125 (34.6)		References
Metritis/endometritis	Yes	96	53 (55.2)	13.7 (<0.01)	2.0 (1.3–3.2)	<0.01
	No	414	144 (34.8)		References
Vaginal/uterine prolapses	Yes	33	25 (75.8)	20.5 (<0.01)	3.8 (1.6–9.1)	<0.01
	No	477	172 (36.1)		References