Repeat Breeding and Its’ Associated Risk Factors in Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Northern Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Table 5

Incidence of repeat breeding with risk factors (herd size, heat detection, time of insemination, and predisposing reproductive disorders) in crossbred dairy cattle.

Risk factors	Retrospective study
	Group	Cows/heifers studied (no)	Incidence no. (%)	X^2 (-value)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	-value
Herd size (number)	10–15	30	8 (26.7)	4.4 (<0.01)	Reference	<0.05
	15–25	43	12 (27.9)		1.1 (0.4–3.0)
	>25	113	48 (42.5)		2 (0.8–4.9)
Heat detection	Daily ≤20 min/detection time	68	38 (55.9)	17.3 (<0.01)	3.7 (1.9–6.9)	<0.01
	Daily ≥20 min/detection time	118	30 (25.4)		Reference
Time of AI	Correct	131	29 (22.1)	39.7 (<0.01)	Reference	<0.01
	Incorrect	55	39 (70.9)		8.6 (4.2–17.5)
Predisposing reproductive disorders
Abortion	Yes	52	23 (44.2)	7.7 (<0.05)	2.7 (1.3–5.4)	<0.05
	No	144	45 (31.3)		Reference
Dystocia	Yes	32	17 (53.1)	4.6 (<0.05)	2.3 (1.1–4.9)	<0.05
	No	154	51 (33.1)		Reference
RFM	Yes	50	28 (56.0)	11.1 (<0.01)	2.2 (1.1–4.6)	<0.05
	No	136	40 (29.4)		Reference
Metritis/endometritis	Yes	31	20 (64.5)	12.5 (<0.01)	2.9 (1.2–6.9)	<0.05
	No	155	48 (31.0)		Reference
Vaginal/uterine prolapse	Yes	23	13 (56.5)	4.5 (<0.03)	2.6 (1.1–6.2)	<0.05
	No	163	55 (33.7)		Reference