Copper Super-Dosing Improves Performance of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens through Modulation of Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes

Table 4

Serum analytes and haematological parameters at 21 and 35 d in broiler chickens supplemented with incremental doses of copper as (as yeast protein)¹.

Parameters		Added Cu proteinate in diet mg/kg diet (added Cu mg/kg diet)					Pooled SEM	value
		0 (0)	250 (37.5)	500 (75)	750 (112.5)	1000 (150)		Linear	Quadratic
Serum analytes (mmol/L)
Cholesterol	21 d	3.18^b	3.11^ab	2.99^ab	2.83^ab	2.68^a	0.06	0.009	0.559
	35 d	4.36	4.01	4.42	3.67	4.37	0.09	0.258	0.818
HDL cholesterol	21 d	0.916	0.861	0.808	0.831	0.831	0.02	0.43	0.084
	35 d	0.870^c	0.840^bc	0.858^bc	0.663^a	0.781^b	0.02	0.786	0.008
LDL cholesterol	21 d	1.46^b	1.33^ab	1.21^a	1.28^ab	1.27^ab	0.02	0.139	0.015
	35 d	1.22	1.35	1.41	1.19	1.41	0.03	0.495	0.422
Triacylglycerol	21 d	0.985^c	0.915^bc	0.878^b	0.878^b	0.750^a	0.03	0.033	0.851
	35 d	1.221^d	0.911^bc	0.966^c	0.775^a	0.859^b	0.04	0.331	0.001
SOD (ng/mL)	21 d	1.356^a	1.654^ab	1.745^ab	1.864^ab	2.014^b	0.052	0.001	0.359
	35 d	1.878^a	2.075^ab	2.24^ab	2.415^ab	2.614^b	0.07	0.001	0.676
GSH-Px (ng/mL)	21 d	4.754	4.711	4.627	4.538	4.537	0.17	0.23	0.976
	35 d	0.949^a	1.05^ab	0.938^a	1.174^ab	1.32^b	0.039	0.0001	0.429
MDA (nmol/mL)	21 d	3.230	3.125	3.061	2.995	2.971	0.053	0.422	0.976
	35 d	6.513	4.700	5.023	5.103	6.438	0.715	0.761	0.429
Haematological parameters
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	21 d	14.92^a	15.01^a	15.27^ab	17.43^c	17.07^bc	0.25	0.003	0.353
	35 d	17.57	18.21	19.31	18.41	18.13	0.33	0.686	0.317
Heterophil (%)	21 d	42.38^c	39.88^b	37.63^ab	39.13^b	36.88^a	1.03	0.018	0.851
	35 d	76.13^a	46.63^b	31.38^a	35.13^a	48.25^b	0.97	0.001	0.001
Lymphocytes (%)	21 d	59.88	61.63	60.13	61.75	62.88	1.03	0.625	0.723
	35 d	50.13	53.38	56.13	57.38	51.75	0.88	0.254	0.096
H : L ratio	21 d	0.723^b	0.652^a	0.650^a	0.640^a	0.606^a	0.024	0.047	0.953
	35 d	1.52^c	0.895^b	0.558^a	0.621^a	0.953^b	0.02	0.0001	0.0001
Liver Cu (mg/kg DM)	35 d	12.00^a	15.41^ab	16.45^ab	19.58^bc	23.54^c	0.485	0.0001	0.646

¹There were 8 replications/treatment with n = 10 birds/replication. Samples were collected from a single bird selected randomly from a replicate. Means with dissimilar superscript in a row varied significantly.