Copper Super-Dosing Improves Performance of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens through Modulation of Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes
Table 5
Relative expression of genes coding for interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha at 35 d in hepatic tissues of broiler chickens supplemented with incremental doses of copper (as yeast protein)1.
Parameters
Added Cu proteinate in diet mg/kg diet (added Cu mg/kg diet)
Pooled SEM
value
0 (0)
250 (37.5)
500 (75)
750 (112.5)
1000 (150)
Linear
Quadratic
Interleukin-6
Ct-target gene
36.05
33.15
32.07
29.59
28.31
0.16
0.0001
0.174
Ct-actin
19.86
20.25
20.12
20.07
19.68
0.11
0.493
0.196
∆Ct-target gene
16.19
12.89
11.94
9.51
8.62
0.17
0.0001
0.022
Relative fold chain (2∆Ct)
1.00
9.91
20.03
103.73
193.89
3.56
0.0001
0.001
Tumour necrosis factor-α
Ct target gene
38.09
35.97
33.64
31.04
30.24
0.13
0.0001
0.03
∆Ct-actin
20.41
20.38
20.46
19.82
19.74
0.12
0.139
0.397
∆Ct-target gene
18.44
15.59
13.18
11.22
10.5
0.12
0.0001
0.0001
Relative fold chain (2∆Ct)
1.00
7.54
46.11
183.93
246.46
6.05
0.0001
0.0001
1There were 8 replications/treatment with n = 10 birds/replication. Samples were collected from a single bird selected randomly from a replicate. Means with dissimilar superscript in a row varied significantly.
