Electromyography of the External Anal Sphincter during Micturition and Electrophysiological Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Healthy Spayed Female Canines

Table 3

Computations made with a series of 10 EBCR mean amplitude values (μV).

Method	Untransformed data		Box-Cox transformed data		Nonparametric
	Standard	Robust	Standard	Robust
N	10	10	10	10	10
Mean	13.079
Median	7.750	7.612
SD	16.395	17.582
Minimum	1.11	1.11
Maximum	54	54
λ1 coefficient Box-Cox
λ2 coefficient Box-Cox
P-value Anderson–Darling	0.009
Symmetry test for robust		0.254
Outliers Dixon	Max	Max
Outliers Tukey	0	0
Suspect data Tukey	1	1
Lower limit of the reference interval	−25.82^c	−32.16^b
Upper limit of the reference interval	51.98^c	47.39^b
90% CI for lower limit
90% CI for upper limit
Comments
The sample size is too small (n < 40) to compute a nonparametric reference interval.; Data should be analyzed with the nonparametric method. As an alternative, the robust method with a Box-Cox transformation may be used after checking the symmetry of the distribution.; The robust method with a Box-Cox transformation of the data gives the following reference interval: [0; 0].; The sample size is too small (n < 20) to compute the CIs for the limits of the reference interval obtained with the robust method with Box-Cox transformation.

^bUse with caution or avoid using because possible outliers are detected. ^cThe distribution is not Gaussian.