Prognostic Factors for Cancer-Specific Survival and Disease-Free Interval of Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas

Table 2

Clinicopathological characteristics evaluated in female dogs diagnosed with mammary gland tumors.

	Benign neoplasms (n = 16)	Malignant neoplasms (n = 342)
Ulceration
Absent	16 (100%)	272 (79.53%)	0.044
Present	0	70 (20.47%)
Tumor size
T1	14 (87.5%)	177 (51.57%)	0.014
T2	2 (12.5%)	69 (20.18%)
T3	0	96 (28.07%)
Number of tumors
Single	2 (12.5%)	84 (24.56%)	0.270
Multiple	14 (87.5%)	258 (75.44%)
Location of the tumor
Thoracic	0	15 (4.39%)	0.338
Abdominal	1 (6.25%)	56 (16.37%)
Inguinal	1 (6.25%)	46 (13.45%)
Multicenter	14 (87.5%)	225 (65.79%)
Distant metastasis
No	15 (93.75%)	323 (94.44%)	0.906
Yes	1 (6.25%)	19 (5.56%)
Local recurrence
No	9 (90%)	215 (77.34%)	0.154
Yes	1 (10%)	63 (22.66%)

T1, tumors <3 cm; T2, tumors between 3and 5 cm; T3, tumors >5 cm. Similar group characteristics are verified by nonsignificant using the chi-square test on categorized variables.