The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome (Extracellular Microvesicles and Exosomes) in Animals’ Musculoskeletal and Neurologic-Related Disorders

Table 2

Description of new studies involving extracellular vesicles of mesenchymal stem cells related to the clinical routine of veterinary clinicians.

Species	Disease	Type of treatment	Response	Conclusion	Reference
Dog and human	Autoimmune diseases	Extracellular vesicles	Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects	Positive effect	[15]
Dog	Inflammatory bowel disease	Extracellular vesicles	Decrease of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10	Positive effect	[111]
Dog	Chemotherapy-induced dilated cardiomyopathy	Extracellular vesicles	Improve cardiac function and reduce myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis	Positive effect	[112]
Dog	Chemotherapy	Microvesicles	Release-control of the drug	Positive effect	[113]
Dog	Atopic dermatitis	Extracellular vesicles	Reduce the expression of cytokines and interleukins; activate the JAK/STAT pathway	Positive effect	[114]