Biting Flies and Associated Pathogens in Camels in Amibara District of Afar Region, Ethiopia

Table 3

Prevalence of biting flies on camels in the Amibara district by different risk factors.

Variable	Category	No. of examined	No. of positive (%)	x^2	value
Sex	Male	115	97 (84.3)	1.0061	0.316
	Female	365	321 (88)
Age	Young	200	167 (83.5)	3.9138	0.048^∗
	Adult	280	251 (89.6)
Body condition	Poor	226	197 (87.2)	0.0504	0.975
	Good	111	96 (86.5)
	Medium	143	125 (87.4)
Herd composition	Mixed	234	202 (86.3)	0.2336	0.629
	Kept separately	246	216 (87.8)
Season	Short rain	160	148 (92.5)	8.0383	0.018^∗
	Wet	160	139 (86.8)
	Dry	160	131 (8.7)
Herd size	<20	87	75 (81.8)	0.2528	0.881
	20–40	162	140 (86.4)
	>40	231	203 (88)

 = reference category, x² = chi square.