Multiconnectivity for Mobility Robustness in Standalone 5G Ultra Dense Networks with Intrafrequency Cloud Radio Access

<div>Comparison of multiconnectivity (MC) and single connectivity (SC) in terms of normalized count of AS updates <svg height="16.2899pt" id="M372" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.9942 19.1765 16.2899" width="19.1765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,-.144,-3.967)"><path d="M470 619L451 641C422 610 391 595 348 595C316 595 288 601 248 612C197 628 172 633 138 633C97 633 43 615 0 555L19 532C54 562 86 578 130 578C166 578 189 571 222 562C267 549 301 540 337 540C381 540 434 557 470 619Z" id="g119-25"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="470" vert-adv-y="470"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M425 682C425 693 422 699 407 699C369 699 308 677 260 646C213 651 191 674 191 701C191 715 195 726 200 734L183 740C153 730 118 709 118 681C118 644 163 619 218 615C168 582 115 534 115 463C115 418 147 382 180 369C102 329 23 261 23 163C23 74 74 38 158 14C183 7 201 2 221 -2C279 -15 290 -33 290 -58C290 -94 251 -145 230 -169L252 -189C280 -171 367 -103 367 -25C367 20 333 51 266 68C245 73 218 80 191 89C139 106 107 135 107 192C107 261 161 329 221 355C248 350 281 347 314 347C330 347 370 388 370 406C370 418 366 422 352 422C321 422 280 413 255 407C218 413 192 448 192 493C192 544 229 588 266 610C309 610 354 615 376 623C397 631 425 651 425 682Z" id="g113-236"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="448" vert-adv-y="448"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.846,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z" id="g58-63"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="703" vert-adv-y="703"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.732,3.132)"><path d="M727 650H480V617C552 612 575 600 580 563C583 531 587 491 587 398V326C587 153 534 44 398 44C281 44 210 124 210 296V519C210 607 218 612 298 617V650H33V617C114 609 123 607 123 519V274C123 153 151 81 211 34C258 -1 314 -14 374 -14C441 -14 509 7 556 56C615 116 633 202 633 322V398C633 491 635 533 639 561C643 600 667 614 727 617V650Z" id="g58-83"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="747" vert-adv-y="747"></glyph.data></g></svg> for all UE, background UE, street UE, and diversity order <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M373" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 10.095 8.68572" width="10.095pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="766" vert-adv-y="766"></glyph.data></g></svg> = 2, 4, and 8.</div>

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

fig12

Figure 12

Figure 12: Multiconnectivity for Mobility Robustness in Standalone 5G Ultra Dense Networks with Intrafrequency Cloud Radio Access 