Quantitative Comparison of the Efficiency and Scalability of the Current and Future LTE Network Architectures

Figure 8

The latency and cost of GTP and PMIP mobility protocols in EPC centralized and decentralized architectures.

(a) Latency of initial attachment procedure

(b) Latency of handover procedure

(c) Latency of packet delivery procedure

(d) Cost of initial attachment procedure

(e) Cost of handover procedure

(f) Cost of packet delivery procedure