Research Article

TDoA-Based Outdoor Positioning with Tracking Algorithm in a Public LoRa Network

Table 5

Number of location updates in one hour and location update probability. is the theoretical maximum number of updates.

SFx Walking Cycling Driving All Traj.

SF7 782 10% 76 9% 70 2% 18 7% 55
SF8 439 26% 112 28% 121 5% 21 19% 84
SF9 218 24% 53 32% 69 6% 13 21% 45
SF10 124 42% 52 37% 46 7% 9 29% 36
SF11 54 67% 36 54% 29 22% 12 48% 26
SF12 31 39% 12 42% 13 13% 4 31% 10

All 1648 21% 341 21% 348 5% 77 15% 255