Research Article
A Secure Three-Factor Multiserver Authentication Protocol against the Honest-But-Curious Servers
Table 3
BAN logic notations and postulates.
| Notations and postulates | Description |
| | believes the statement is true |
| | sees |
| | once said that or has sent a message containing |
| | has control over |
| | is fresh |
| | and can communicate using the shared key , | only or a trusted third party know |
| | The formula is combined with the formula |
| | Rule(a): The message-meaning rule |
| | Rule(b): The jurisdiction rule |
| | Rule(c): The nonce-verification rule |
| | Rule(d): The freshness-conjuncatenation rule |
| , | Rule(e): The belief rule |
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