Niffler: A Context-Aware and User-Independent Side-Channel Attack System for Password Inference

Table 2

Comparison with previous works that exploited motion sensors.

Source study	Sensor	Platform	Accuracy
Niffler	Accelerometer	Android	84.6% (72%)
Owusu et al. [8]	Accelerometer	Android	63%
Mehrnezhad et al. [18]	Accelerometer	Android	69%
	Linear accelerometer
	Gyroscope
	Orientation
Mehrnezhad et al. [9]	Accelerometer	Android	65%
	Orientation
Ping et al. [33]	Accelerometer	Android	75%
	Gyroscope
Miluzzo et al. [26]	Accelerometer	Android and iOS	72%
	Gyroscope
Xu et al. [11]	Accelerometer	Android	33.4%
	Gyroscope