Network Protocols, Schemes, and Mechanisms for Internet of Things (IoT): Features, Open Challenges, and Trends

Table 4

Routing protocols in IoT domain: features and characteristics.

Routing protocol name	RPL	P2P-RPL	CORPL	CARP	LOADng
Strategy	Proactive	Reactive	Proactive	Reactive	Reactive
Traffic type	MP2P, P2P & P2MP	P2P	MP2P, P2P & P2MP	MP2P, P2P & P2MP	P2P
Mechanism	Energy-aware metrics & multipath routing	Energy-aware metrics	Energy-aware metrics & multipath routing	Energy-aware metrics & multipath routing	Energy-aware metrics
Algorithm	(i) Distance vector; (ii) Source routing	(i) Distance vector; (ii) Source routing	Distance vector	Link state	Distance Vector
IPv6 support	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
loT Routing challenges met	(i) Local and global repairs; (ii) Energy usage low; (iii) Mobility; (iv) High scalability; (v) Low memory usage	(i) Local and global repairs; (ii) Energy usage low; (iii) Mobility; (iv) High scalability	(i) Data management; (ii) Server technologies	(i) Data management; (ii) Storage management	(i) Energy usage low; (ii) Mobility; (iii) High scalability; (iv) Low memory usage
Main features	(i) Loop detection and avoidance; (ii) Self-configuration; (iii) Timer management	Discovers the best-quality route for any source-destination pair	Opportunistic forwarding approach based on RPL	(i) Link quality selection for packet forwarding; (ii) High packet delivery ratio for increasing traffic	(i) A lightweight variation of AODV; (ii) Suitable for a more general traffic pattern
Disadvantages	No security	(i) No security; (ii) High memory usage	(i) No security; (ii) No storage management	(i) No security; (ii) No server technologies; (iii) No reusability of previously collected data	(i) No security; (ii) No local repair; (iii) High delay in the route discovery