| | First author, reference | Year | CMOS process | Frequency band | Supply voltage, V | Modulation | Data rate | Overall power consumption (TX/RX), mW | Energy/bit | RX Sensitivity | Chip area, mm2 | BER | Input impedance | # of coexistence instances | Standard compatibility | Extra feature |
| | Song, [97] | 2007 | 0.25- | 1–200 MHz | 1 | Wideband signaling | 2 Mb/s | 0.2 (0.05/0.15) | 2.5 nJ/b | −36 dBm | 0.85 | | | | no | | | Cho, [98] | 2009 | 0.18- | 30–120 MHz | 1 | Adaptive frequency hopping FSK | 60 kb/s–10 Mb/s | 4.6 (0.9/3.7) | 0.37 nJ/b | −65 dBm | 2.30 | @ 10 Mb/s, @ 60 kb/s | <100 Ω | 1 | no | | | Cho, [99] | 2009 | 0.18- | 30–70 MHz | 1.8 | Variable adaptive frequency hopping FSK | 500 kb/s–5 Mb/s | 2.3 (BCC), 8.5 (MICS) | | −65 dBm @ 2.5 Mb/s | 4.75 | | | 3–20 | no | | | Bae, [26] | 2012 | 0.18- | 40–120 MHz | 1 | Double FSK | 1 kb/s–10 Mb/s | TX: 2–3.8
RX: 2.4–3.2 | 0.24 nJ/b | −66 dBm | 12.50 | @ 10 Mb/s, @ 10 kb/s | 100–600 Ω | 1–15 | no | Skin-electrode variance tolerance | | Bae, [100] | 2012 | 0.18- | 40–120 MHz | 1 | Double FSK | 1 kb/s–10 Mb/s | 4.4 (2/2.4) | 0.24 nJ/b | −66 dBm | 4.5 | @ 10 Mb/s, @ 10 kb/s | | 1–15 | yes | | | Lee, [101] | 2013 | 0.13- | 18.375–
23.625 MHz | 1 | FSDT BPSK | 164 kb/s–1.3125 Mb/s | TX: 2.3
RX: 3.2 | 2.44 nJ/b | 97.35 dBm | 12.5 | | | | yes | | | Lee, [102] | 2014 | 0.13- | 18.375–
23.625 MHz | 1.2 | FSDT | 164 kb/s, 328 kb/s, 626 kb/s, 1.3125 Mb/s | @ 64 nodes TX: 0.5312
RX: 2.77 | | −98 dBm @ 164 kb/s | 12.5 | | | 1–64 | yes | | | Cho, [103] | 2015 | 0.13- | 18.375–
23.625 MHz | 1.2 | FSDT | 164 kb/s–1.313 Mb/s | TX: 1.4
RX: 5 | 4.8 nJ/b | −98.3 dBm @ 1.313 Mb/s | | | 100 Ω | | yes | | Cho, [104–106];
Healthcare mode | 2015 | 65-nm | 10 MHz | 0.8 | OOK superregenerative | 100 kb/s | TX: 21
RX: 0.0425 | 0.43 nJ/b | −72 dBm | | | | | yes | | Cho, [104–106];
entertainment mode | 2015 | 65-nm | 20–60 MHz, 140–180 MHz | 1.2 | Coherent BPSK | 80 Mb/s | TX: 1.7–2.6
RX: 6.3 | 0.079 nJ/b | −58 dBm | | | | | yes | | | Fazzi, [107] | 2009 | 0.13- | 1–30 MHz | 1.2 | Correlation direct digital | 8.5 Mb/s | 2.75 (2.15/0.6) | 0.32 nJ/b | −60 dBm | 0.19 | | >1 MΩ RX, <1 pF input capacitance | 1 | no | | | Lin, [108] | 2011 | 0.18- | 200 MHz | 0.5 | OOK | 2 Mb/s | 4.535 | | −68 dBm | 1.5 | <10−3 | | | no | Can be powered by a solar cell |
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