Optimal Low-Power Design of a Multicell Multiuser Massive MIMO System at 3.7 GHz for 5G Wireless Networks

Table 3

Scaling exponents for analog front-ends subcomponents.

Subcomponent	BW^2	S.E.^2	Ant.^2	Load	Streaming	Q^2
Predriver	1	0	1	0	0	0
Modulator	1	0	1	0	0	0
Freq. synthesis	0	0	1	0	0	0
Clock generation	0	0	0.5	0	0	0
DAC	1	0	1	0	0	1
LNA	1	0	1	0	0	0
Mixer	1	0	1	0	0	0
VGA	1	0	1	0	0	0
ADC	1	0	1	0	0	1

BW: bandwidth; S.E.: spectral efficiency; Ant.: antenna; and Q: quantization resolution.