A Multiconstrained QoS-Compliant Routing Scheme for Highway-Based Vehicular Networks

Table 1

QoS-based routing protocols using swarm intelligence: a comparative table.

Protocol	QoS Metrics	Scheme	Routing type	Mobility model	Route discovery	Forwarding strategy	Path Maintenance	Simulator
QoS-OLSR [7]	Bandwidth, Connectivity, Metric Mobility	ACO	Unicast	Urban	Proactive	Greedy Forwarding	Active	MATLAB
PassCar [8]	ND; LET	Passive Clustering	Unicast	Highway	Reactive	Optimum Forwarding	Passive	NS2
Multi-Chanel MAC [9]	E2ED, Bandwidth	Clustering	Multicast, Unicast	Highway	Reactive, Proactive	Optimum Forwarding	Passive	MATLAB
QoSBeeVanet [10]	AB, E2ED, Hop count	BCA	Unicast	Urban	Reactive	Periodic Neighbour discovery	Passive	NS2
HyBR [11]	Bandwidth, E2ED	BCA	Unicast	Urban	Reactive	Optimum Forwarding	Passive	NS2
MAZACORNET [12]	LS, PDR	ACO	Unicast	Urban	Reactive, Proactive	Optimum Forwarding	Passive	NS2
MQBV [13]	AB, E2ED	BCA	Multicast, Unicast	Urban	Reactive	Greedy Forwarding	Passive	NS2
BLA [14]	E2ED, Jitter, Bandwidth	BCO	Multicast	Urban	—	Optimum Forwarding	Passive	NS2
SAMQ [15]	LET, PDR, Hop count	ACA	Unicast	Highway	Reactive	—	Active	OMNet++
ARP-QD [16]	Hop count, LET	OFA	Unicast	Urban	Reactive	Greedy Forwarding	Active	NS2
IRQV [17]	CP, E2ED	ACO	Unicast	Urban	Reactive	Greedy Forwarding	Active	NS2

ACO: Ant colony optimization; BCA: Bee Colony Algorithm; BCO: bee colony optimization; ACA: Ant Colony Algorithm; OFA: Optimal Forwarding Algorithm; PDR: packet delivery ratio; E2ED: end-to-end delay; LET: link expiration time; ND: node degree; CP: Connectivity probability; LS: link stability; AB: available bandwidth.