A Hybrid Predictive Strategy Carried through Simultaneously from Decision Space and Objective Space for Evolutionary Dynamic Multiobjective Optimization

Table 2

Mean and Standard Deviation of MHVD values of five strategies on FDA and dMOP test suites. The values in bold face denote having the best effect in these five strategies. and indicate that DOPS is significantly better than and is equivalent to the corresponding strategy, respectively.

Problems	Statistic	RIS	FPS	PMGA	PPS	DOPS
FDA1	Total	1.2328(0.01073)	0.0968(0.01053)	0.1326(0.00669)	0.0948(0.01448)	0.0507(0.00401)
	1st stage	1.2145(0.01900)	0.3680(0.05223)	0.1424(0.01292)	0.4192(0.07139)	0.1566(0.01827)
	2nd stage	1.2353(0.01564)	0.0342(0.00249)	0.1302(0.00557)	0.0222(0.00227)	0.0255(0.00062)
	3rd stage	1.2390(0.01275)	0.0305(0.00222)	0.1301(0.01206)	0.0133(0.00022)	0.0257(0.00062)
FDA2	Total	0.0714(0.00125)	0.0320(0.00079)	0.7283(0.01669)	0.0325(0.00072)	0.0330(0.00067)
	1st stage	0.0719(0.00221)	0.0372(0.00413)	0.9557(0.05030)	0.0405(0.00408)	0.0396(0.00322)
	2nd stage	0.0714(0.00209)	0.0306(0.00026)	0.6743(0.00871)	0.0301(0.00029)	0.0314(0.00014)
	3rd stage	0.0711(0.00188)	0.0310(0.00004)	0.6742(0.00871)	0.0310(0.00005)	0.0315(0.00010)
FDA3	Total	1.9361(0.01767)	0.7761(0.01825)	0.8604(0.00959)	0.8420(0.02751)	0.6712(0.00683)
	1st stage	1.9195(0.04820)	1.0479(0.05214)	0.9852(0.01236)	1.2829(0.14896)	0.7806(0.00898)
	2nd stage	1.9387(0.02533)	0.7167(0.01667)	0.8310(0.01652)	0.7436(0.01854)	0.6377(0.01288)
	3rd stage	1.9414(0.02960)	0.7064(0.01855)	0.8310(0.02220)	0.7310(0.02692)	0.6528(0.00784)
FDA4	Total	1.3838(0.01837)	0.4249(0.01308)	1.3108(0.01204)	0.3818(0.00756)	0.3410(0.00648)
	1st stage	1.3392(0.03975)	0.4993(0.03182)	0.4503(0.00852)	0.5100(0.02893)	0.4030(0.01961)
	2nd stage	1.3942(0.02764)	0.4051(0.01404)	1.5138(0.01953)	0.3541(0.01032)	0.3239(0.00633)
	3rd stage	1.3945(0.02189)	0.4093(0.01419)	1.5165(0.01596)	0.3487(0.01104)	0.3287(0.00605)
dMOP1	Total	1.1531(0.01823)	0.1501(0.00097)	0.4267(0.03460)	0.1688(0.03108)	0.1505(0.00098)
	1st stage	1.0885(0.04142)	0.1180(0.00484)	0.3385(0.05409)	0.1715(0.09166)	0.1178(0.00341)
	2nd stage	1.1718(0.03312)	0.1577(0.00018)	0.3985(0.02189)	0.1780(0.03702)	0.1586(0.00044)
	3rd stage	1.1651(0.02816)	0.1576(0.00020)	0.4968(0.04069)	0.1583(0.00015)	0.1580(0.00086)
dMOP2	Total	1.2672(0.01126)	0.2156(0.01314)	0.2138(0.01806)	0.2190(0.01537)	0.1718(0.00203)
	1st stage	1.1689(0.02085)	0.4303(0.06200)	0.2783(0.02538)	0.4484(0.07664)	0.2107(0.01138)
	2nd stage	1.2967(0.02139)	0.1656(0.00309)	0.1933(0.01614)	0.1709(0.00237)	0.1619(0.00049)
	3rd stage	1.2844(0.02055)	0.1636(0.00140)	0.2036(0.02210)	0.1581(0.00015)	0.1632(0.00062)
dMOP3	Total	1.2282(0.00948)	0.0972(0.00848)	0.1326(0.00669)	0.0947(0.01470)	0.0521(0.00452)
	1st stage	1.2046(0.02570)	0.3695(0.04400)	0.1424(0.01292)	0.4193(0.07355)	0.1654(0.02333)
	2nd stage	1.2317(0.01575)	0.0340(0.00172)	0.1302(0.00557)	0.0219(0.00206)	0.0254(0.00040)
	3rd stage	1.2359(0.02242)	0.0312(0.00184)	0.1302(0.01206)	0.0133(0.00024)	0.0250(0.00069)