Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review of Recent Issues and Challenges
Table 2
Effect of temperature on acoustic communication.
S.No
Area Focused
Findings
Sound speed Effects due to temperature
01
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks: Routing Issues and Future Challenges
Speed of sound increases due to increase in the temperature of ocean and decreases in colder oceans. Approximately, the mount of 1°c can boost the speed of sound near to 4.0 m/s.
Increase with temperature
02
Prospects and Problems of Wireless Communication for Underwater Sensor Networks
Shallow water effects acoustic communication by temperature gradients, ambient noises regarding surface and multi-path effect because of reflection and refraction.
Effects communication
03
Survey of temperature variation effect on underwater acoustic wireless transmission
Speed of sound is affected by temperature, depth and salinity of underwater environment. These factors produce variations in speed of sound in underwater environment.
Variation in speed
04
Variability of available capacity because of depth and temperature in the underwater acoustic communication channel
Determine acoustic channel capacity on short distances, increasing temperature and depth as a result gets higher channel capacity and throughput rates.
Improves throughput
05
Underwater Channel Simulation
Temperature of sea surface is much higher as is compared to the bottom temperature. Velocity of sound is also affected with increase in depth, salinity and temperature.
Increases with temperature
06
Mathematical equation for sound speed in the oceans
Temperature is a dominating factor that has effect on the sound speed.
Increases with temperature
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