FAPRP: A Machine Learning Approach to Flooding Attacks Prevention Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2019/6869307/figures/6869307.fig.009a.svgz" name="6869307.fig.009a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b><svg height="11.5695pt" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-3.18152pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 12.8049 11.5695" width="12.8049pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.659,3.132)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z"></path></g></svg> receives 4 RREQ packets</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2019/6869307/figures/6869307.fig.009b.svgz" name="6869307.fig.009b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b><svg height="11.5695pt" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-3.18152pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 12.8049 11.5695" width="12.8049pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.659,3.132)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z"></path></g></svg> receives 2 RREP packets</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2019/6869307/figures/6869307.fig.009c.svgz" name="6869307.fig.009c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b><svg height="11.5695pt" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-3.18152pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 12.8049 11.5695" width="12.8049pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M719 650H483V622C553 619 576 606 581 560C585 532 588 487 588 394V148H585L167 650H20V622C67 618 88 610 109 585C127 562 129 557 129 484V264C129 173 126 124 123 93C118 44 92 31 35 28V0H272V28C204 32 181 44 176 95C173 124 170 172 170 264V515H172L598 -9H629V394C629 487 631 532 635 563C639 606 663 619 719 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.659,3.132)"><path d="M138 535C169 535 191 560 191 589C191 620 168 644 139 644S85 620 85 589C85 560 110 535 138 535ZM257 0V30C192 35 185 43 185 109V453C142 435 94 422 40 414V386C101 378 104 372 104 311V109C104 41 97 35 33 30V0H257Z"></path></g></svg> receives a RREQ and a RREP packet</td></tr></table>

<div>Route discovery history of a source and 3 destination nodes.</div>

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: FAPRP: A Machine Learning Approach to Flooding Attacks Prevention Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 