Experiments with a LoRaWAN-Based Remote ID System for Locating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Table 5

Statistical characteristics of location determination using the Seeeduino LoRaWAN module.

	GS1	GS2	GS3	GS4
MeanRSSI (dB)	−80	−86	−79	−81
Estimated SD (m)	112	366	92	136
Real SD^1 (m)	146	161	140	155
Distance error^2 (%)	23	127	34	12

¹Using Google Maps “measure distance” feature. ²The error is calculated based on the difference between the estimated SDs and real SDs.