Security and Privacy in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network and Vehicle Cloud Computing: A Survey

Table 1

Security services target and solutions.

Name of attack	Service	Trust-based	Cryptography-based
Betrayal attack	Authenticity, availability, integrity	×	—
Replayed, altered, and injected message attack	Authenticity, availability, integrity	×	×
Illusion attack	Integrity	×	—
Masquerading attack	Authenticity	×	—
Impersonation attack	Authenticity, nonrepudiation	×	×
Sybil attack	Authenticity, nonrepudiation	×	×
GPS position fake attack	Authenticity, nonrepudiation	×	—
Timing attack	Availability	×	×
Black hole attack	Availability	×	×
Gray hole attack	Availability	×	×
Certificate replication attack	Authenticity	—	×
Eavesdropping attack	Confidentiality, privacy	×	×
Tracking/tracing attacks	Privacy	—	×
Denial of service attack	Availability	×	×
Jamming attack	Availability	×	×
Coalition and platooning attack	Availability, privacy	×	—