Hierarchical Protocol Based on Recursive Clusters for Smart Parking Applications Using Internet of Things (IOT)

Table 2

Comparison between different wireless communication technologies.

Wireless parameter	Bluetooth	IEEE 802.11b	IEEE 802.11ah	Zigbee
Frequency band	2.4GHz	2.4GHz	Sub-1 GHz	2.4GHz
Range	9 m	75 to 90 m	1000 m (without repeaters)	100 m (without repeaters)
Current consumption	60 mA (Tx mode)	400 mA (Tx mode) 20 mA (standby mode)	90-140 mA (Tx mode) 5 μA (standby mode)	25-35 mA (Tx mode) 3 μA (standby mode)
Raw data rate	1 Mbps	11 Mbps	650 Kbps	250 Kbps
Minimum bandwidth required	15 MHz	22 MHz	2 MHz (MCS0)	2 MHz
Memory requirements	+250 Ko	+8 Mo	+1 Mo	4-32 Ko
Number of nodes	7	+256	8000	+65000
Battery life	Month	Days	Days	Years
Network topology	Point-to-point broadcast mesh	Star tree	Star tree	Self-forming, self-healing MESH
Security mode	L2CAP, LMP protocol	WEP, WPA, WPA2	In the application level	AES-128