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| Ref. No. | Article title | RQ 1 | RQ 2 | RQ 3 | RQ 4 | RQ 5 | RQ 6 | RQ 7 | RQ 8 | RQ 9 | RQ 10 |
| Year/Ref. | Wearable sensor | Cloud-based technology 2 | Communication technologies | Messaging protocol | Security | Microcontroller | Development board | Mobile OS | Programming languages |
|
| 1 | 5G-smart diabetes: toward personalized diabetes diagnosis with healthcare big data clouds | 2018 [35] | ECG, pulse oximeter, and thermometer | | 5G | | | | | | |
| 2 | Arduino based IoT platform for remote monitoring of heart attacks and patients falls | 2018 [36] | Accelerometer and heart rate sensor | ThingSpeak cloud | GSM | | | | Arduino UNO and Arduino NANO | Android | |
| 3 | Behavior analysis through multimodal sensing for care of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s patients | 2018 [37] | Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensor | | WSN | | | | | | |
| 4 | Cloud and IoT based disease prediction and diagnosis system for healthcare using fuzzy neural classifier | 2018 [38] | Wearable sensor | | | | | | | | Java |
| 5 | Cloud computing-based non-invasive glucose monitoring for diabetic care | 2018 [39] | — | Mobile cloud computing | Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 2G/3G/4G | MQTT/JSON | Secured with Transport Layer Security (TLS) standards. Android 7.0 allows for file-based encryption (FBE) with independent keys, encryption, and user authentication to prevent unauthorized access. | | | Android | Python |
| 6 | Cognitive IoT-cloud integration for smart healthcare: case study for epileptic seizure detection and monitoring | 2018 [40] | EEG sensor | | NFC, RFID, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Z-wave, and LoWPAN | | | | | | |
| 7 | Congestive heart failure risk assessment monitoring through Internet of Things and mobile personal health systems | 2018 [41] | _ | | Bluetooth | | Biometric solution (combination of face and voice recognition). Data stored locally in a 256-bit AES encrypted SQLite database using the SQLCipher security extension | | | Android | |
| 8 | Design and study of a smart cup for monitoring the arm and hand activity of stroke patients | 2018 [42] | — | | NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi | | | | Arduino, Raspberry | | |
| 9 | Designing an Internet-of-things (IoT) and sensor-based in-home monitoring system for assisting diabetes patients: iterative learning from two case studies | 2018 [43] | Wearable sensor | Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS | Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, SMS, LR-WPANs | | | | | TinyOS | |
| 10 | Development of IoT-based impedometric biosensor for point-of-care monitoring of bone loss | 2018 [44] | — | ThingSpeak cloud | Wi-Fi | | | | Arduino Uno | | |
| 11 | Development of sleep support system using electroencephalogram for person with developmental disorders | 2018 [45] | — | | Wi-Fi | | | | Arduino | | |
| 12 | Edge computing with cloud for voice disorder assessment and treatment | 2018 [46] | — | Edge computing and cloud computing | | | | | | | |
| 13 | Electrooculography by wearable graphene textiles | 2018 [47] | EOG sensor | | | | | ATmega328 AVR | | | MATLAB |
| 14 | ePhysio: a wearables-enabled platform for the remote management of musculoskeletal diseases | 2018 [48] | Inertial devices (accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensor) | Edge | Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, BLE, LR-WPANs | | | | Raspberry Pi 3 | Android/ContikiOS | C |
| 15 | Fog-cloud based cyber-physical system for distinguishing, detecting and preventing mosquito borne diseases | 2018 [49] | — | Fog-cloud | RFID, GPS, mobile networks | | | | | | |
| 16 | Integrated IoT intelligent system for the automatic detection of cardiac variability | 2018 [50] | ECG sensor | | Bluetooth | | | ATmega328P AVR | Arduino UNO | Android | C, C ++, MATLAB |
| 17 | An integrated IoT-Wi-Fi board for remote data acquisition and sharing from innovative immunosensors. Case of study: diagnosis of celiac disease | 2018 [51] | | ThingSpeak | Wi-Fi | RESTful API | | | | | MATLAB |
| 18 | Intelligent hybrid remote patient-monitoring model with cloud-based framework for knowledge discovery | 2018 [52] | — | | Wi-Fi, 3G, general packet radio service (GPRS), Bluetooth, LR-WPANs, and ZigBee | | | | | | MATLAB |
| 19 | An interface for IoT: feeding back health-related data to Parkinson’s disease patients | 2018 [53] | Accelerometer | | Mobile networks | | | | | Android | |
| 20 | Internet of Things for sensing: a case study in the healthcare system | 2018 [54] | — | | S-band (microwave based IEEE 802.11) | | | | | | MATLAB |
| 21 | An IoMT based cyber training framework for orthopedic surgery using next generation Internet technologies | 2018 [55] | — | | | | | | | | C#, JavaScript |
| 22 | An IoT solution for online monitoring of anesthetics in human serum based on an integrated fluidic bioelectronic system | 2018 [56] | — | | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) | ATxmega32E5 | Raspberry Pi | Android | |
| 23 | IoT-based cloud framework to control Ebola virus outbreak | 2018 [22] | Blood pressure and thermometer sensor | Amazon EC2 cloud | RFID, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 3G/4G | | | | | Android | |
| 24 | IoT-based wireless polysomnography intelligent system for sleep monitoring | 2018 [57] | — | | Bluetooth | | | TI MSP430 | | | Java, MATLAB |
| 25 | An IoT-enabled stroke rehabilitation system based on smart wearable armband and machine learning | 2018 [58] | EMG sensor | | BLE | | | | Arduino Mega 2560 | | MATLAB |
| 26 | MagicSox: an E-textile IoT system to quantify gait abnormalities | 2018 [59] | Accelerometer, flex sensor, gyroscope, and pressure sensor | | BLE | | | | Arduino 101 | Android | |
| 27 | Wireless ECG monitoring system using IoT based signal conditioning module for real time signal acquisition | 2018 [60] | ECG sensor | IBM Watson cloud | Wi-Fi | MQTT/HTTP | | | | | Python |
| 28 | Wearable sensor devices for early detection of Alzheimer disease using dynamic time warping algorithm | 2018 [61] | Accelerometers and gyroscope | | | | | | | | |
| 29 | Using Internet of Things and biosensors technology for health applications | 2018 [62] | — | | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, RFID | | | | | | |
| 30 | Use of Internet of Things to provide a new model for remote heart attack prediction | 2018 [63] | ECG sensor | | Wi-Fi | MQTT/HTTP | | | | | |
| 31 | An ultra-low power smart headband for real-time epileptic seizure detection | 2018 [64] | EEG sensor | | BLE | | | | | | |
| 32 | Technology integrated health management for dementia | 2018 [65] | _ | | Bluetooth, GPS | | | | | | |
| 33 | A technical note on the PainChek™ system: A web portal and mobile medical device for assessing pain in people with dementia | 2018 [66] | _ | Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) | Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | | | | | Android/iOS | |
| 34 | System for monitoring and supporting the treatment of sleep apnea using IoT and big data | 2018 [67] | Step counter and heart rate sensor | Fog and cloud computing | 6LoWPAN, ZigBee, BLE | | Security/privacy | STM32 | Mini Arduino, Raspberry Pi 2 Model B | Android/ContikiOS | Python, C++ |
| 35 | Spatial blockchain-based secure mass screening framework for children with dyslexia | 2018 [68] | | Cloud and fog (Amazon S3) | | | Blockchain and off-chain-based decentralized framework | | | Android/windows | JavaScript, Python |
| 36 | Real-time monitoring of bone fracture recovery by using aware, sensing, smart, and active orthopedic devices | 2018 [69] | Conductivity, contact, force/torque, and thermometer sensor | | GPS | | | | | | |
| 37 | Rapid detection of urinary soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for determination of lupus nephritis activity | 2018 [70] | — | | 2G | | | | | | |
| 38 | A proposal of a usability scale system for rehabilitation games based on the cognitive therapeutic exercise | 2018 [71] | Wearable sensor | | | | | | | | |
| 39 | A proposal for a sleep disorder detection system | 2018 [72] | | | | | | | | | |
| 40 | Personalizing the fitting of hearing aids by learning contextual preferences from Internet of Things data | 2018 [73] | Wearable sensor | | BLE | | | | | iOS | |
| 41 | Online obstructive sleep apnea detection on medical wearable sensors | 2018 [74] | ECG sensor | | BLE | | | STM32L151RDT6 | | | C |
| 42 | A novel three-tier Internet of Things architecture with machine learning algorithm for early detection of heart diseases | 2018 [75] | | Apache Hbase | RFID, 5G | | | | | | Java |
| 43 | Monitoring vital signs and postures during sleep using Wi-Fi signals | 2018 [76] | | | Wi-Fi | | | | | | |
| 44 | A novel cardiac auscultation monitoring system based on wireless sensing for healthcare | 2018 [77] | | | BLE | | | 8051 | | Android | Java |
| 45 | Real-time signal quality-aware ECG telemetry system for IoT-based health care monitoring | 2017 [78] | ECG sensor | | Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/cellular networks | | | | Arduino | Android | MATLAB |
| 46 | Robot assistant in management of diabetes in children based on the Internet of Things | 2017 [79] | _ | | Bluetooth/Wi-Fi | | Encryption and decryption process (by using device ID and security token number), HTTPS | | | | C++, Python |
| 47 | Sleep information gathering protocol using CoAP for sleep care | 2017 [26] | Localization and physiological sensor | | 4G/5G/Wi-Fi | CoAP/HTTP | HTTPS encrypt the session data through SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocols. CoAP also provides security-enhanced CoAPS through DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security). | | Raspberry Pi 3 | | JavaScript |
| 48 | Smart health solution integrating IoT and cloud: a case study of voice pathology monitoring | 2017 [80] | — | | Bluetooth | | Watermark | | | | |
| 49 | Ultra-low power, secure IoT platform for predicting cardiovascular diseases | 2017 [81] | ECG sensor | | | | Encrypt and authenticate the communication using the ECG-generated key | | | | MATLAB |
| 50 | Usability test of exercise games designed for rehabilitation of elderly patients after hip replacement surgery: pilot study | 2017 [82] | _ | | | | | | Raspberry Pi | | |
| 51 | Wearable IoT sensor-based healthcare system for identifying and controlling chikungunya virus | 2017 [83] | Localization and thermometer | Fog | GPS/RFID | | Three fragments of varying levels of security | | | | MATLAB |
| 52 | Wearsense: detecting autism stereotypic behaviors through smartwatches | 2017 [84] | Accelerometer sensor | | Bluetooth | | | | | Android | |
| 53 | GluQo: IoT-based non-invasive blood glucose monitoring | 2017 [85] | — | ThingSpeak cloud | Wi-Fi | | | | Arduino/Intel Edison | Android | C |
| 54 | Healthcare IoT m-GreenCARDIO remote cardiac monitoring system-concept, theory of operation and implementation | 2017 [86] | ECG sensor | | GPRS/LTE/Bluetooth | | | STM32F107 | MCBSTM32 | | C |
| 55 | Development of a new ICT-based multisensor blood pressure monitoring system for use in hemodynamic biomarker-initiated anticipation medicine for cardiovascular disease: the national IMPACT program project. | 2017 [87] | Accelerometer, thermosensor, and barometer sensor | | Wi-SUN, LTE/Bluetooth low energy (BLE)/Wi-Fi | | | | | | |
| 56 | Development of Parkinson patient generated data collection platform using FHIR and IoT devices. | 2017 [88] | Foot pressure sensor | Heroku cloud (PaaS) | Bluetooth | RESTful API/FHIR | Removing the quasi-identifier and generated a random string of 14 digits consisting of integers from 1 to 9 and letters a to z as an identifier for the anonymous user (ISO/TS 25237:2008 health informatics-pseudonymization) | | | Android | |
| 57 | DJINNI: a novel technology supported exposure therapy paradigm for SAD combining virtual reality and augmented reality | 2017 [89] | Camera, localization and physiological sensor | | iBeacon/Wi-Fi/iGPS/iBeacons, RFID, Infrared, ultra-wideband | | | | | | |
| 58 | An IoT platform for epilepsy monitoring and supervising | 2017 [90] | Accelerometer and heart rate sensor | MANET MobiCloud | BLE/Wi-Fi/4G | RESTful web services/HTTP | | | | Android | |
| 59 | An innovative speech-based user interface for smarthomes and IoT solutions to help people with speech and motor disabilities | 2017 [91] | — | | Infrared (IR) | | | | Raspberry Pi | Android | |
| 60 | An intelligent and secure system for predicting and preventing Zika virus outbreak using fog computing | 2017 [92] | — | Fog and Amazon EC2 cloud | Wi-Fi/4G/GPS | | Two-stage process to prevent unauthorized access to data | | | | MATLAB |
| 61 | An international study on the determinants of poor sleep amongst 15,000 users of connected devices | 2017 [93] | Accelerometer and thermometer sensor | | | | | | | | |
| 62 | An Internet of Things framework for remote monitoring of the healthcare parameters | 2017 [94] | ECG sensor | Fog | Bluetooth/GSM (GPRS/2G/3G)/USB | MQTT/HTTP | Central server authentication (based on username and password) and data distribution service (DDS) security specification | STM32F107 | | Android | |
| 63 | A novel wearable device for continuous non-invasion blood pressure measurement | 2017 [95] | Light based sensor | | Bluetooth | | | | | | |
| 64 | A QRS detection and R point recognition method for wearable single-lead ECG devices | 2017 [96] | Heart rate sensor | | Bluetooth | | | | | Windows | C++ |
| 65 | A smart toy to enhance the decision making process at children’s psychomotor delay screenings: a pilot study | 2017 [97] | — | | Wi-Fi | RESTful web services/HTTP | AES/CBC with 128-bit key | ATmega328P AVR | Arduino/Raspberry Pi | Android/iOS | JavaScript |
| 66 | A wearable health monitoring system for posttraumatic stress disorder | 2017 [98] | Accelerometer, altimeter, and optical heart rate sensor | | Bluetooth | | | | | Android/iOS | |
| 67 | A wireless health monitoring system using mobile phone accessories | 2017 [99] | ECG sensor | | Bluetooth/GPS | | | | Rfduino | Android/iOS | |
| 68 | ALZUMERIC: a decision support system for diagnosis and monitoring of cognitive impairment | 2017 [100] | — | | | | HTTPS | | | | MATLAB |
| 69 | An automatic health monitoring system for patients suffering from voice complications in smart cities | 2017 [101] | — | | | | | | | | |
| 70 | Optimized deep learning for EEG big data and seizure prediction BCI via Internet of Things | 2017 [102] | | Amazon cloud | | MQTT/HTTP | Authentication and registry and the device registry to store the certifications | | | | |
| 71 | A context-aware, interactive M-health system for diabetics | 2016 [103] | — | | GPRS/GPS | MQTT | | | | Android/iOS | |
| 72 | A new telerehabilitation system based on Internet of Things | 2016 [104] | EMG sensor | saas | Wi-Fi | RESTful web services | | ATmega328P AVR | Arduino Uno | | |
| 73 | A non-invasive method for blood glucose detection in diabetes patients with IoT application | 2016 [105] | — | | | | | | | | MATLAB |
| 74 | An IoT-based mobile gateway for intelligent personal assistants on mobile health environments | 2016 [106] | Optical heart rate sensor | AMBRO | Wi-Fi/BLE/2G, 3G, 4G, and LTE/GPS | RESTful web services/HTTP | Security and authentication module | | | Android | |
| 75 | An IoT-cloud based wearable ECG monitoring system for smart healthcare | 2016 [107] | ECG sensor | | Bluetooth, ZigBee/Wi-Fi/GPRS/LTE | MQTT/HTTP | | STM32F103RC | | | |
| 76 | Cloud-assisted industrial Internet of Things (iiot)-enabled framework for health monitoring | 2016 [108] | | | Bluetooth | | Watermarking and authentication | | | | Java |
| 77 | Efficient health care monitoring and emergency management system using IoT | 2016 [109] | — | ThingSpeak cloud | IEEE 802.15.4
GPRS/GSM
Wi-Fi | | | | Intel Galileo Gen2 (Intel® Quark™ SoC X1000) | | |
| 78 | Enabling breakthroughs in Parkinson’s disease with wearable technologies and big data analytics | 2016 [110] | Accelerometer sensor | | Bluetooth | MQTT | | | | | |
| 79 | Low power personalized ECG based system design methodology for remote cardiac health monitoring | 2016 [111] | — | | Bluetooth low energy/ZigBee/Wi-Fi | | | LPC1768 ARM Cortex-M3 | | | C |
| 80 | Low-power wearable ECG monitoring system for multiple-patient remote monitoring | 2016 [112] | — | | ZigBee/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi | | Secure access manager and secure TCP/IP packet | | | Android | |
| 81 | Real-time heartbeat rate monitoring system using Raspberry Pi | 2016 [113] | — | | Bluetooth | | | ATmega168 AVR | Raspberry Pi B | | Python |
| 82 | Smart toys designed for detecting developmental delays | 2016 [114] | — | | | | Symmetric encryption system called Fernet (Fernet is part of the Python cryptography library) that is built on top of AES on CBC mode with a 128-bit key. It also uses HMAC with SHA256 for authentication. | ATmega328P AVR | Arduino/Raspberry Pi | | Python |
| 83 | Assigning UPDRS scores in the leg agility task of parkinsonians: can it be done through BSN-based kinematic variables? | 2015 [115] | Accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensor | | Bluetooth/ZigBee | | | TI MSP430 | | | |
| 84 | Assisting physical (hydro)therapy with wireless sensors networks | 2015 [116] | Accelerometer, magnetometer and pulse oximeter | | ZigBee | | TinySec, ContikiSec, and OpenSSL version (1.0.1g) | | Arduino Uno | TinyOS | C# |
| 85 | An emerging technology-wearable wireless sensor networks with applications in human health condition monitoring | 2015 [117] | Thermometer and heart rate sensor | | | | | | | | |
| 86 | IoT-based smart rehabilitation system | 2014 [118] | — | | Wi-Fi/Bluetooth/RFID/GPS | | | | | | |
| 87 | The architecture of an automatic eHealth platform with mobile client for cerebrovascular disease detection | 2013 [119] | — | | RFID | | | | | Android/Windows | ASP |
| 88 | MIOTIC study: a prospective, multicenter, randomized study to evaluate the long-term efficacy of mobile phone-based Internet of Things in the management of patients with stable COPD | 2013 [120] | | | 3G/Wi-Fi/USB/Bluetooth | | | | | Android | |
| 89 | An Internet of Things-based personal device for diabetes therapy management in ambient assisted living (AAL) | 2011 [121] | — | | 6LoWPAN/RFID/NFC | | Symmetric-key encryption AES-CBC (256-bit key), SHA256 and CRC16- ITT. 3DES (triple data encryption standard) cryptography | | | | Java |
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