|
| Algorithms | Designing goal | Advantages | Disadvantages | Scalability |
|
| PoW [44, 51] | Sybil-proof | (i) Security improvements
(ii) Minimize the attacks up to 50% or less [52] | (i) More power consumption
(ii) Centralized miners | Strong |
| PoS [53] | Energy efficiency | (i) Energy efficient
(ii) More decentralized | (i) Nothing-at-stake problem | Strong |
| DPoS [53] | Organize PoS effectively | (i) Energy efficient
(ii) Scalable
(iii) Increased security | (i) Partially centralized
(ii) Double spend attack | Strong |
| LPoS [54] | Distributed PoS | (i) Fair usage
(ii) Lease coins | (i) Decentralization issue | Strong |
| PoA [29] | Benefits of both Pos and PoW | (i) Reduces the probability of the 51% attack
(ii) Equal contribution | (i) Greater energy consumption
(ii) Double signing | Strong |
| PoL [54] | Improve PoS | (i) Vesting
(ii) Transaction partnership | (i) Decentralization issue | Strong |
| PoC [13] | Less energy than PoW | (i) Cheap
(ii) Efficient
(iii) Distributed | (i) Favoring bigger fishes
(ii) Decentralization issue | Strong |
| PoET [55] | Decide the mining rights | (i) Cheap participation | (i) Need for specialized hardware
(ii) Not good for public blockchain | Low |
| DAG [44, 56] | Speed and scalability | (i) Low-cost network
(ii) Scalability | (i) Implementation gaps
(ii) Not suited for smart contracts | Strong |
| BFT [30] | Failures of system | (i) Energy efficiency
(ii) Transaction finality | (i) Number of replicas in the network
(ii) Message complexity | Low |
| PBFT [30] | Remove software errors | (i) No need for confirmation
(ii) Reduction in energy | (i) Communication gap
(ii) Sybil attack | Low |
| DBFT [30] | Faster PBFT | (i) Scalable
(ii) Fast | (i) Conflictions in the chain | Medium |
| Sumeragi [57] | Reputation system. | (i) Distributed across many clusters | (i) The more nodes that exist on the network, the more time it takes to reach consensus | Medium |
| Ripple [58] | Same FBFT | (i) Reduce the latency | (i) Few nodes required to vote, not really distributed network | Strong |
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