|
| Year | Author and reference details | Proposed MAC protocol | Metric used for evaluating the performance | Hops count | Bullet points | Future research directions |
|
| 2011 | Fafoutis and Dragoni [103] | ODMAC | Ratio of harvested energy and consumed energy, average delay, average sensing period, and load balancing | Single hop | (i) A new MAC protocol has been presented for EH-WSNs which is known as on-demand MAC.
(ii) The proposed MAC protocol is capable to support a separate duty cycle for sensor nodes having different energy levels. | (i) Future research directions may consider the work towards using the retransmission mechanism and further consideration of the lossy environment for its evaluation.
(ii) Next, future research directions may consider the work towards handling hidden node problems by utilizing the CTS/RTS scheme. |
|
| 2012 | Eu and Tan [104] | EH-MAC | Network capacity, fairness, and throughput | Multihop | (i) A new MAC protocol has been presented for EH-WSNs which is known as EH-MAC.
(ii) The proposed MAC protocol has utilized probabilistic polling for reducing the collisions among data packets.
(iii) Also, in the proposed framework, polling packets are dynamically adjusted for reducing interference. | (i) Future research directions may consider the extension towards using an advanced scheme for energy management with some smart scheme for collision resolution among the packets. |
| Kim et al. [105] | QAEE-MAC | Delay and total energy saving | Single hop | (i) A new MAC protocol has been presented for EH-WSNs which is known as quality-of-service-aware energy-efficient priority-based MAC.
(ii) The receiver node’s energy consumption has been significantly minimized by adjusting its wake-up duration as per the energy profile. | (i) Future research directions may consider the extension towards using some advanced metric for duty cycle evaluation such as the expected number of duty cycle wake-ups and using the concept of the dynamic and heterogeneous duty cycle. |
|
| 2014 | Nguyen et al. [106] | ERI-MAC | Delivery latency and energy efficiency | Single hop | (i) A new MAC protocol has been presented for EH-WSNs which is known as energy-harvested receiver-initiated MAC.
(ii) The proposed framework utilized the queueing scheme for adjusting the sensor node operation. | (i) Future research directions may consider the extension towards using various harvesting models and then analyzing the effects on ERI-MAC.
(ii) Next, future research directions may consider the work towards extending the packet concatenation scheme. |
| Liu et al. [92] | LEB-MAC | End-to-end delay, sender duty cycle, delivery ratio, collision ratio, and fairness index | Single hop | (i) A new MAC protocol has been presented for EH-WSNs which is known as load and energy balancing MAC.
(ii) The proposed scheme utilized the fuzzy control technique for determining the duty cycles of sensor nodes. | (i) Future research directions may consider the extension towards using other techniques for determining the duty cycles of sensor nodes such as probabilistic controller, approximation algorithm, and nonlinear function controller in place of fuzzy control technique. |
| Varghese Rao [107] | ED-CR MAC & ED-PIR MAC | End-to-end delay, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio | Multihop | (i) Two new MAC protocols have been presented for EH-WSNs. The first MAC scheme utilized exponential decision along with the current state of residual energy and the second scheme utilized exponential decision along with increment in residual energy prospectively.
(ii) The first proposed scheme utilized the dynamic approach with consideration of the current state of residual energy for duty cycle adjustment step. Further, the second proposed scheme attains energy efficiency by minimizing the duty cycle off time. | (i) Future research directions may consider the extension towards using some other advanced approaches for duty cycle adjustment and then measuring the performance under different harvesting models. |
|
