A Novel Modified Sparrow Search Algorithm with Application in Side Lobe Level Reduction of Linear Antenna Array

Table 9

Optimized excitation amplitudes and maximum SLL of 16-element LAA by different algorithms.

Algorithm	Optimized excitation amplitudes (normalized)	Maximum SLL (dB)
Conv.	1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000, 1.0000	-13.1476
PSO	1.0000, 1.0000, 0.9285, 0.7355, 0.7425, 0.5670, 0.4059, 0.4509	-23.7487
PSOGSA	1.0000, 0.9999, 0.8741, 0.8064, 0.6889, 0.4930, 0.5033, 0.4395	-24.2080
WOA	1.0000, 0.9809, 0.9023, 0.9761, 0.5847, 0.5656, 0.4604, 0.4002	-22.9487
GOA	1.0000, 0.8419, 0.8619, 0.7136, 0.7013, 0.4207, 0.5957, 0.2324	-22.6180
MTDE	1.0000, 0.9478, 0.9071, 0.7483, 0.7115, 0.4904, 0.4592, 0.4567	-24.4013
SSA	1.0000, 0.9652, 0.8346, 0.8395, 0.6237, 0.5275, 0.4877, 0.4115	-23.9233
MSSA	1.0000, 0.9711, 0.8581, 0.7839, 0.6875, 0.4687, 0.4784, 0.3895	-24.8687