A Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Electricity Theft Detection Using Intelligent Antenna-Based Smart Meters

Table 6

Hyperparameters selection for GRU through PSO.

Hyperparameters	Selected values	Range of values
Learning rate	0.01	0.1, 0.01, 0.001
Batch size	25	25, 50, 64, 128
Epochs	4	4, 6, 8, 10
Optimizer	Adam	Adam, SGD, RMSE’
No. of neurons	300	100, 200, 300, 400
No. of fully connected layers	1	1, 2, 3, 4
No. of hidden layers	5	3, 5, 7, 9, 11