Communication Delay Modeling for Wide Area Measurement System in Smart Grid Internet of Things Networks

Table 1

Definition of the symbols that are used in Eqn. (1) to Eqn. (6).

Symbol	Definition
Sync_start	Synchronization start message frame
Ack	Acknowledgement
	Timing signal of PMU A to the ^th number
	Phase skew error of PMU A to the ^th number
	Initial receive delay
	Propagation delay for uplink
	Propagation delay for downlink
	Receive delay at
	Receive delay at
	Total skew error
	Total phase offset
	Desired signal of to