Digital and Geographical Feature Detection by Machine Learning Techniques Using Google Earth Engine for CPEC Traffic Management

Table 1

Biyearly differences in water, vegetation, and urban areas with its consecutive year.

Classifier	Biyearly difference (year 1–year 2)	Area (KM)^2
		Water	Vegetation	Urban
SVM	2013-2014	-23,760.09	-10,935.41	34,695.50
	2014-2015	-2,056.47	-17,522.78	19,579.24
	2015-2016	15,504.99	24,847.01	-40,351.99
	2016-2017	3,960.95	-1,297.32	-2,663.64
	2017-2018	-16,245.27	24,239.77	-7,994.50
	2018-2019	-2,412.10	-23,344.04	25,756.13
	2019-2020	22,644.64	-35,654.68	13,010.04
	2020-2021	-31,118.53	97,317.19	-66,198.65
CART	2013-2014	6,307.90	-8,836.35	2,528.45
	2014-2015	20,306.58	-18,234.71	-2,071.88
	2015-2016	-9,347.49	10,103.24	-755.74
	2016-2017	-13,328.13	11,438.08	1,890.05
	2017-2018	1,872.48	11,165.00	-13,037.48
	2018-2019	10,055.88	-20,503.38	10,447.51
	2019-2020	-7,094.91	-7,064.69	14,159.59
	2020-2021	-14,266.01	46,175.12	-31,909.11
RF	2013-2014	13,088.99	-14,039.76	950.77
	2014-2015	14,528.61	-12,383.93	-2,144.68
	2015-2016	-20,342.96	18,263.19	2,079.77
	2016-2017	1,965.17	1,868.30	-3,833.47
	2017-2018	-26,336.40	29,401.03	-3,064.64
	2018-2019	24,048.19	-27,710.51	3,662.32
	2019-2020	29,732.99	-35,058.66	5,325.68
	2020-2021	-76,089.03	89,523.10	-13,434.08