A Secure and Robust Autoencoder-Based Perceptual Image Hashing for Image Authentication

Table 3

A comparison of the performance of various hashing methods.

Reviewed techniques	L. Chen et al. [41]	X. Zhang et al. [19]	R. K. Karsh et al. [40]	Q. Shen et al. [64]	Z. Tang et al. [27]	R. K. Karsh et al. [36]	C. Qin et al. [42]	H. Hamid et al., [48]	Z. Tang et al. [35]	C. Qin et al. [30]	Proposed
Execution time (s)	0.17	NA	NA	NA	0.61	NA	0.112	NA	0.22	1.1	0.6
AUC	0.9993	NA	0.9914	NA	NA	NA	0.9601	0.9264	0.9909	NA	0.999
Average time (s)	0.3021	0.0164	0.3425	0.0617	0.2863	2.1	0.2213	0.6651	0.9966	0.8164	0.2234
Optimal TPR when	0.9827	0.9998	NA	0.998	0.953	0.9823	0.991	NA	NA	NA	0.8162
Optimal FPR when			NA		0.4749	0.0051	0.1273	NA	NA	NA	0.0621