QoS-Aware Multilayer UAV Deployment to Provide VoWiFi Service over 5G Networks

Algorithm 2

Particle Swarm Optimization function

(SolveOptim_PSO)

Input:, , , , , ,

Output:,

Initialization:,

= CreateParticles

=

while !(exit criteria met) do

 for particle todo

   = UpdateParticle ;

   = ;

  / Evaluate the i-th particle        /

   = Check (, , )

  if (and) then

   / Update if better          /

   ;

   ;

   ifthen

    / Update if best         /

   end

  end

  end

end

return,