Research Article
QoS-Aware Multilayer UAV Deployment to Provide VoWiFi Service over 5G Networks
| Ref. | Objective function | Variables | Network technologies | Considerations | | | Placement | Trajectory | Resource allocation | Access | Backbone | SINR | BW | Speech quality | Energy |
| [17] | max. throughput | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | FDMA | FDMA | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | [18] | max. throughput | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [19] | max. throughput | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | [20] | max. downlink rate | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | [21] | min. maximum traffic demand | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | [22] | min. path loss | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | NOMA | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [23] | min. transmit power or max. rate | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | NOMA | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [24] | min. UAVs and max. coverage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | [25] | min. UAVs and max. coverage | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | [26] | max. energy efficiency | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | mmWave | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [27] | min. power allocation | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | OFDMA | OFDMA | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [28] | min. energy consumption | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [29] | max. spectrum and energy eff. | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | TDD | TDD | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [30] | max. spectrum and energy eff. | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | TDD | TDD | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [31] | max. minimum throughput | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | [32] | max. minimum user rate | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | OFDMA | OFDMA | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | [33] | max. minimum user rate | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | TDMA | TDMA | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [34] | max. end-to-end throughput | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [35] | max. end-to-end throughput | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [36] | min. outage probability | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | Cellular | Cellular | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | [15] | min. UAVs and user radio energy | ✓ (single-layer) | ✗ | ✓ | WiFi | N/A | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | [16] | min. UAVs and UAVs’ energy | ✓ (single-layer) | ✗ | ✓ | WiFi | N/A | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | This paper | min. UAVs and user coverage | ✓ (multilayer) | ✗ | ✓ | WiFi | 5G | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✗ |
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