A Mixed-Integer Solution for TDOA Based Direct Positioning of Digital Modulation Signal
Table 1
The direct localization algorithm for digital modulation signals.
Require: Obtain the initial guess of emitter position ; the received signal of each sensor ; thresholds and (sufficiently small and positive values, which are 10-6 in this paper).
A. First-stage processing (sequence estimation):
(i) Apply crossover and mutation to and generate random discrete data sequences as the th population. The subset contains the elite individuals in the last generation
(ii) Update the maximum of fitness value and the corresponding sequence in
(iii) Update the searching generation
B. Second-stage processing (position estimation):
(i) Compute the gradient vector and the hessian matrix using (39) and (41)
