Local Epochs Inefficiency Caused by Device Heterogeneity in Federated Learning

Figure 5

Predicted time vs. observed time. The upper of the figure: predicted time vs. observed time on the convolutional feature dimension-reduced datasets, from left to right, is the results on P100_Conv_small, V100_Conv_small, K40_Conv_small, and All_Conv_small; the lower of the figure: predicted time vs. observed time on the dense feature dimension-reduced datasets, from left to right, is the results on P100_Dense_small, V100_Dense_small, K40_Dense_small, and All_Dense_small.