Exploiting Blockchain and RMCV-Based Malicious Node Detection in ETD-LEACH for Wireless Sensor Networks

Table 2

Identified limitations’ mapping with proposed solutions and validations.

Identified limitations	Proposed solutions	Performed validations
L1: inefficient CHs’ selection	S1: ETD-LEACH	V1: dead nodes, delay, energy consumption, and throughput, as shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively
L2: presence of malicious nodes	S2: RMCV	V2: PDR, number of alive nodes, and energy consumption, as shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10, respectively
L3: single point of failure	S3: blockchain	V3, V4: transaction cost shown in Figure 11
L4: PoW utilizes high computational power	S4: PoA
L5: no secure routing using XOR	S5: SHA-256	V5: execution time shown in Figure 12