A Consensus Algorithm Based on Risk Assessment Model for Permissioned Blockchain

Table 6

Scoring basis for attack behavior costs.

Value	Attack behavior costs	Description
0	None	An attacker can achieve malicious control of the blockchain system at no cost. Such as solo consensus of Hyperledger Fabric.
0.3	Low	The attacker only needs to spend a small amount of cost to control critical parts such as accountant or node with evaluation function to achieve malicious control of the blockchain system. Such as Raft.
0.6	Middle	The attacker only needs to spend many costs to achieve malicious control of the blockchain system because a certain malicious attack detection and prevention mechanism is set in the consensus algorithm.
1	High	It is almost impossible for an attacker to achieve complete control of the blockchain system due to the very strict confirmation mechanism, unless maliciously controlling more than half of the nodes, such as PoW and PBFT.