Review Article

Blockchain Technology on Smart Grid, Energy Trading, and Big Data: Security Issues, Challenges, and Recommendations

Table 6

Key findings of the IoT-based paper and their primary studies.

RefPublication typeYearFindingTypes of security applications

[150]J2016Proof of the pseudonymous concept protocol for secure communications among the IoT devices using Bitcoin in blockchain technologyIoT
[151]J2016A broad review of the advantages of blockchain-based IoT devices. For example, instead of distributing firmware patches from the middle, IoT devices from one vendor are connected to the same blockchain firmware and spread peer to peer. It is acknowledged that a token is needed. Alternative solutions are presented.IoT
[152]J2018Deprived of relying on an essential service like Notary, a blockchain-based system for ensuring the authenticity of Docker images has been developed (offers to defend against denial of service). The importance of a robust blockchain has been recognized.Internet of Things & Docker
[153]C2017Blockchain is used to build a multilevel network of IoT computers. Rather than entirely autonomous nodes and miners, the blockchain’s security is managed by coordination between layers.IoT
[154]C2017A concept for low-power IoT devices can connect with a proper gateway to allow Ethereum blockchain node communication.IoT
[155]C2018Introducing “ControlChain,” a blockchain-based access power system for IoT devices. Using the same concepts as the Bitcoin blockchain, multiples are proposed. In blockchains, IoT control could be used to handle different aspects.IoT
[156]C2018IoT data privacy, access, and trading are the main topics of discussion, suggesting a blockchain solution for each to provide anonymity. The Ethereum platform is being used.IoT
[157]J2017Discussion on blockchain strengths and security, mainly with IoT. Highlighting IoT supply chain from manufacturer to end-user security benefitsIoT
[158]J2021Authentication methods for fog cloud IoT architectureIoT
[159]J2021Provides a data mining technique based on Fischer linear discrimination and quadratic discrimination analysisBig data and IoT
[160]J2018A thorough examination of IoT protection. What role could blockchain play in addressing the challenges of reducing current security threats to such devices? Mentioning Ethereum as a possible medium for developing smart contracts in an alternative mannerIoT
[161]C2018Suggestion to create “IoT Chain,” a blockchain-based system that allows the authentication to IoT devices and secure access. The Ethereum platform was used to assess the viability of their plan. Authentication servers, key servers, and clients are the three full nodes used by the researchers. The latter serves as the transaction miner, storing data on the blockchain through proof-of-stake and proof-of-work consent mechanisms. The researchers create their Proof-of-Possession system for IoT Chain.IoT
[162]C2019Blockchain technology based on various technology in smart grid is discussed in this paper, i.e., cost reduction, communication between provider and consumer, machine-to-machine interaction, and security.IoT
[163]J2019User-friendliness and energy optimization in terms of electronics devices controlling and monitoring. This study focused on the interdisciplinary domain that will be helpful for new researchers.IoT
[164]J2020Build a green IoT ecosystem based on blockchain technology and discussed the crucial factors and future research direction for a sustainable green IoT ecosystem.IoT
[165]J2020Blockchain-based IoT architecture for HANs and NANs in SG systemIoT
[166]J2021Blockchain-based access control protocol in IoT-enabled SG systemIoT
[167]J2021IoT-based energy conversion process and inquire on future energy demand on SG systemIoT