[Retracted] A Machine Learning Algorithm to Automate Vehicle Classification and License Plate Detection

Table 1

Summary of ANPR system techniques.

From	Extraction	Procedure segmentation	Recognition
Slimani, I. et.al (2019) [20]	Otsu adaptive thresholding, CCA, edge detection-Canny	Closed curves	Template matching
Kashyap, A. et.al (2018)	Edge statistics and morphology techniques	Bounding box	Template matching
Vaishnav, A. et.al (2018) [21]	Morphology techniques	Region props bounding box using MATLAB	Template matching
Laroca, R. et.al (2018) [22]	Object detection, CNNs (YOLO detector)	Character segmentation CNNs, bounding box	Data augmentation, distant CNNs for letter and digits
Yogheedha, K. et.al (2018) [24]	—	Preprocessing techniques, Otsu’s thresholding	Bounding box feature and template matching OCR
Ashtari et.al (2014) [25]	Color features (Hue and shape) with vertical/slope sweep	Image processing filter (histogram, Laplacian, morphology), connected component/projection analysis	Decision tree and SVM