| ML algorithms | Applications | Ref. | Action position | Characteristic parameters |
| -NN | Positioning | [14ā17] | Receiver | Supervised, moderate complexity | SVM | Phase estimation | [50] | Receiver | Supervised, moderate complexity | ANN and DNN | Nonlinearity mitigation, positioning, and channel estimation | [10, 11, 23, 33, 41, 46, 47] | Receiver | Supervised, high complexity | Multiple classifier | Positioning | [44, 45] | Receiver | Supervised, high complexity | -Means | Nonlinearity mitigation, positioning, phase estimation, and modulation identification | [18, 19, 25, 26, 42, 43, 53] | Transmitter and receiver both | Unsupervised, low complexity | GMM | Modulation identification and phase estimation | [20, 26] | Receiver | Unsupervised, moderate complexity | DBSCAN | Jitter compensation | [30, 48, 49] | Receiver | Unsupervised, low complexity |
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