Miniaturized Ultrawideband Microstrip Antenna for IoT-Based Wireless Body Area Network Applications

Figure 2

Evolution of the ultrawideband (UWB) antenna: (a) stage I: microstrip line-fed ring-based resonator with a partial ground plane; (b) stage II: concentric ring with a microstrip line vertically passing through the rings; (c) stage III: added notch and triangular cuts on either end in the partial ground plane; and (d) stage IV: monopoles added to the ground plane.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)