Simulation and Experimental Tests of Ballistic Impact on Composite Laminate Armor

Table 1

Ballistic standards [6].

CEN (Committee European Normalization) BS/EN 1063 Ballistic Standards
Level	Gun Type	Core Type	Caliber	Mass (gr)	Shooting distance (m)	Bullet speed (m/s)
BR1	Riffle	0.22 LR	L/RN	2.6 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	360 ± 10
BR2	Hand gun	9 mm parabellum	FJ1/RN/SC	8.0 ± 0.1	5.00 ± 0.5	400 ± 10
BR3	Hand gun	0.357 magnum	FJ1/CB/SC	10.2 ± 0.1	5.00 ± 0.5	430 ± 10
BR4	Hand gun	0.44 magnum	FJ2/FN/SC	15.6 ± 0.1	5.00 ± 0.5	440 ± 10
BR4+	Riffle	7.62 × 39 mm	FJ2/PB/HC1	8.0 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	710 ± 10
BR5	Riffle	5.56 × 45 mm	FJ2/PB/SCP1	4.0 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	950 ± 10
BR6	Riffle	7.62 × 51 mm	FJ1/PB/SC	9.5 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	830 ± 10
BR6+	Riffle	5.56 × 45 mm	FJ/PB/SC	3.6 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	980 ± 10
BR7	Riffle	7.62 × 51 mm	FJ2/PB/HC1	9.8 ± 0.1	10.00 ± 0.5	820 ± 10

L: lead; CB: conic bullet; FJ: full steel jacket; FN: flat nose bullet; RN: rounded nose bullet; HC1: steel hard core with incendiary; SCP1: soft core with steel penetrator; PB: pointed bullet; SC: soft core.