Review Article
Potential and Transformation of Indigenous Floral Foods in Africa: What Research Tells Over the Past Two Decades (2000–2022)
Table 1
Per 100 g proximate composition of some exotic and indigenous vegetables.
| Vegetable | Proximate composition (a g/100 g), but energy is measured in kJ | Moisture | Protein | Ash (g) | Carbohydrate | Fat | Crude fiber | Energy | Author |
| Spinacia oleracea | 6.7 ± 0.07 g | 2.99 ± 0.4 | 6.61 ± 0.4 | 75.5 ± 0.07 | | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 334.04 ± 0.8 | Agarwal et al. [68] | Green cabbage | 91.29 ± 4.29 | 0.92 ± 0.03 | 0.69 ± 0.01 | 4.13 ± 0.14 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 2.95 ± 0.11 | – | Ashfaq et al. [69] | Amaranthus caudatus | 10.50 ± 0.04 | 13.4 ± 0.2 | 2.89 ± 0.01 | 55.30 ± 0.7 | 6.43 ± 0.09 | 11.30 ± 0.5 | – | Nascimento et al. [70] | Talinum triangulare | 6.73 ± 0.02 | 19.97 ± 0.02 | 8.03 ± 0.05 | 53.99 ± 0.05 | 0.34 ± 0.01 | 8.97 ± 0.02 | 1.57 ± 0.05 | Jimoh et al. [71] | Wahlenbergia undulata | 80 | 5 | 2.05 | 12.8 | 0.3 | 1.33 | 75 | Odhav et al. [40] | Tiger nut | 8.50% | 5.08% | 2.23% | 45.73% | 30.01% | 14.80% | | Bazine and Arslanoğlu [72], Gambo and Da’u [73], and Kizzie-Hayford et al. [74] | Cleome monophyla | 88 | 5 | 3.01 | 03.40 | 0.7 | 2.14 | 39 | Odhav et al. [40] | Momordica balsamina | 85 | 5 | 2.07 | 6.82 | 0.5 | 2.75 | 53 | Odhav et al. [40] | Vernonia amygdalina | 9.32 ± 0.67 | 22.81 ± 0.17 | 16.65 ± 0.09 | 38.03 ± 0.06 | 4.34 ± 0.04 | 18.17 ± 0.06 | | Usunobun and Ngozi [75] | Aponogeton distachyos | 89.9 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 160.0 | Pieterse et al. [76] |
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Note. n.d, not determined. Author’s composed (2023) from different sources as reference in Table 1. |